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Madeira Island
East Atlantic Portuguese island
This article is about the homonym main island on the Archipelago and Autonomous Region of Madeira. For other uses, see Madeira (disambiguation).
Madeira is a Portuguese island, and is the largest and most populous of the Madeira Archipelago.
It has an area of 740.7 km2 (286 sq mi), including Ilhéu de Agostinho, Ilhéu de São Lourenço, Ilhéu Mole (northwest).
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As of 2021, Madeira had a total population of 245,595.
The island is the top of a massive submerged shield volcano that rises about 6 km (3.7 mi) from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. The volcano formed atop an east–west rift[1][2] in the oceanic crust along the African Plate, beginning during the Miocene epoch over 5 million years ago, continuing into the Pleistocene until about 700,000 years ago.[3] This was followed by extensive erosion, producing two large amphitheatres open to south in the central part of the island.
Volcanic activity later resumed, producing scoria cones and lava flows atop the older
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